Translation

This is the German translation of the original English image, created by Xavax.

Resumé

This figure summarizes the 400 years of regular sunspot number observations. Since ~1749, continuous monthly averages^{[toter Link]} of sunspot activity have been available and are shown here as reported by the Solar Influences Data Analysis Center, World Data Center for the Sunspot Index, at the Royal Observatory of Belgium. These figure are based on an average of measurements from many different observatories around the world. Prior to 1749, sporadic observations of sunspots are available. These were compiled and placed on consistent monthly framework by Hoyt & Schatten (1998a, 1998b).

The most prominent feature of this graph is the ~11 year solar magnetic cycle which is associated with the natural waxing and waning of solar activity.

On longer time scales, the sun has shown considerable variability, including the long Maunder Minimum when almost no sunspots were observed, the less severe Dalton Minimum, and increased sunspot activity during the last fifty years, known as the Modern Maximum. The causes for these variations are not well understood, but because sunspots and associated faculae affect the brightness of the sun, solar luminosity is lower during periods of low sunspot activity. It is widely believed that the low solar activity during the Maunder Minimum and earlier periods may be among the principle causes of the Little Ice Age. Similarly, the Modern Maximum is partly responsible for global warming, especially the temperature increases between 1900 and 1950. Residual warming due to the sustained high level of activity since 1950 is believed responsible for 16 to 36% of recent warming (Stott et al. 2003).

Copyright

This figure was prepared by Robert A. Rohde and is part of the Global Warming Art project.

Image from Global Warming Art

This image is an original work created for Global Warming Art. Please refer to the image description page for more information.

Et ass erlaabt, dëse Fichier ënner de Bedingunge vun der GNU-Lizenz fir fräi Dokumentatioun, an der Versioun 1.2 oder enger spéiderer Versioun, verëffentlecht vun der Free Software Foundation, ze kopéieren, ze verbreeden an/oder zu modifizéieren, ouni onverännerlech Abschnitter, Ëmschlagtext virdrun, Ëmschlagtext hannendrun. De kompletten Text vun der Lizenz ass am Kapitel GNU-Lizenz fir fräi Dokumentatioun ze gesinn.http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.htmlGFDLGNU Free Documentation Licensetruetrue

	Dëse Fichier ass ënner der Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported Lizenz disponibel.
	Dir kënnt: D'Wierk deelen – kopéieren, verdeelen a weiderginn D'Wierk kombinéieren – adaptéieren Ënner dëse Konditiounen: Attributioun – Dir musst appropriéiert Informatiounen iwwer den Auteur uginn, e Link op d'Lizenz maachen, an uginn ob Ännerunge gemaach goufen. Dës Informatioune kënnen op eng räsonabel Manéier gi ginn, awer ouni datt den Androck entsteet datt deen deen d'Lizenz ginn huet Iech oder Är Benotzung approuvéiert oder ënnerstëtzt. ënner deselwechte Bedingunge weiderginn – Wann Dir dëst Wierk ännert, transforméiert oder dorop opbaut, dierft Dir dat Wierk, dat doraus entsteet, nëmmen ënner der selwechter oder enger kompatibeler Lizenz, verbreeden.
	Dës Lizenz-Markéierung gouf bei dëse Fichier dobäigesat als Deel vun der GFDL Lizenz-Aktualisatioun.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/CC BY-SA 3.0Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0truetrue

References

• Hoyt, D. V., and K. H. Schatten (1998a). "Group sunspot numbers: A new solar activity reconstruction. Part 1.". Solar Physics 179: 189-219.
• Hoyt, D. V., and K. H. Schatten (1998b). "Group sunspot numbers: A new solar activity reconstruction. Part 2.". Solar Physics 181: 491-512.
• Stott, Peter A.; Gareth S. Jones and John F. B. Mitchell (15 December 2003). "Do Models Underestimate the Solar Contribution to Recent Climate Change". Journal of Climate 16: 4079-4093.